Gender Roles in the 19th Century Close Reading Questions Worksheet Answers
Advisor: Lucinda MacKethan, Professor Emerita, Department of English, North Carolina State University, National Humanities Center Boyfriend.
© 2011 National Humanities Center
How did the cult of domesticity oppress and empower women in the nineteenth century?
Agreement
Nineteenth-century, heart-grade American women saw their behavior regulated past a social organisation known today as the cult of domesticity, which was designed to limit their sphere of influence to habitation and family. Withal within this infinite, they adult networks and modes of expression that allowed them to speak out on the major moral questions facing the nation.
"The Sphere of a Woman," analogy in Godey's Lady's Volume, March 1850
Texts
Selections for classroom use:
- Fanny Fern, "How Husbands May Rule," short story, 1853
- Catherine Beecher, "Peculiar Responsibilities of American Women," essay, 1842
- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom'south Cabin, novel, 1852 (excerpt)
- Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Daughter, narrative/memoir, 1860 (excerpt)
Text Type and Complication
- Fern, "How Husbands May Rule" — literary fiction, gr. 4-5 complexity band.
- Beecher, "Peculiar Responsibilities" — informational text, gr. 11-CCR complication band.
- Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin — literary fiction, gr. 9-10 complexity ring.
- Jacobs, Incidents — literary nonfiction, gr. vi-8 complexity band.
Tier two vocabulary words are divers in pop-ups (full listing at bottom of folio). Tier 3 words are explained in brackets.
For more than data on text complexity see these resources from achievethecore.org.
Click here for standards and skills for this lesson.
Ten
Common Cadre Country Standards
- ELA-LITERACY.R.11-12.6 (Determine an writer's point of view or purpose…)
Avant-garde Placement US History
- Key Concept 4.2 (II-C) (Gender and family unit roles changed in response to the market revolution…)
Teacher's Annotation
In each of the passages presented hither, at to the lowest degree ii of the four principles of the cult of domesticity (piety, purity, submissiveness, domesticity) are illustrated, either positively or negatively, and these illustrations can be compared and contrasted. While the four passages take other features in mutual, they also voice distinctive, even opposing views. One theme to note is the emphasis on the kinds of trade-off that accept place within this cult, significant that women might very well willingly cull to have the "dominion" of wise husbands and political leaders in return for security, material comfort, and protection. "How Husbands May Rule" and "Peculiar Responsibilities of American Women" stress what women proceeds by acquiescing to men's authorisation. The stories of Fanny Fern and Harriet Beecher Stowe demonstrate differences in how men and women utilize language and besides some interesting patterns in how they shift ground in dialogue with 1 some other. Harriet Jacobs offers a specially astute use of pious, "domestic" linguistic communication operating in stark contrast to other statements where she adopts a much more strident emphasis that can be compared to Mrs. Bird'due south shifts in tone. Utilise the Follow-Up Assignment to explore the factors with your students.
This lesson is divided into two parts, both accessible below, and includes close reading questions and an optional followup assignment. The instructor'south guide includes the groundwork note, the text analysiswith responses to the close reading questions, and the followup assignment. The student version, an interactive PDF, contains all of the in a higher place except the responses to the close reading questions and the follow-up assignment.
Teacher'southward Guide (continues below)
| Educatee Version (click to open)
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Teacher'southward Guide
Background
Contextualizing Questions
- What kind of texts are we dealing with?
- When were they written?
- Who wrote them?
- For what audience were they intended?
- For what purpose were they written?
The period of 1820 to 1860 saw the rising in America of an ideology of feminine behavior and an platonic of womanliness that has come up to be known equally the "Cult of Truthful Womanhood" or "Cult of Domesticity." The features of this lawmaking, which provided social regulations for middle-form families with newly acquired wealth and leisure, were defined past historian Barbara Welter in an influential 1966 article, "The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820–1860." According to Welter, "true womanhood" held that women were designed exclusively for the roles of wife and mother and were expected to cultivate Piety, Purity, Submissiveness, and Domesticity in all their relations. Also exclusive was their "sphere," or domain of influence, which was confined completely to the dwelling. Thus the Cult of Domesticity "privatized" women'south options for work, for education, for voicing opinions, or for supporting reform. Arguments of biological inferiority led to pronouncements that women were incapable of effectively participating in the realms of politics, commerce, or public service. In return for a husband'south provision of security and protection, which by physical nature she required, the true adult female would have on the obligations of housekeeping, raising good children, and making her family'south home a haven of health, happiness, and virtue. All society would benefit from her performance of these sacred domestic duties.
Barbara Welter drew on the methodology that social historian Betty Friedan developed for her influential study of American women'due south lives in the 1930s through the 1950s. The Feminine Mystique (1963) analyzed pop fiction and women'south magazines, housekeeping manuals, and advertisements to decry letters that encouraged mid-twentieth-century American women to stay home while men took care of business. Welter drew on similar sources for her commodity on the social constraints placed on women's lives a century before. Both Friedan and Welter'due south utilize of such materials demonstrates how the "Cult" or "Mystique" that sought to regulate women'south behavior were spread by powerful marketing strategies. By the mid-nineteenth century, a vision of women's high, holy, and only position — in the dwelling house — was promoted in the pages of women'due south magazines such every bit Godey'south Lady's Book (started 1830), the advice of "skilful housekeeping" handbooks, the texts of sermons, and lectures, and even speeches in legislatures.
The Cult of Domesticity was designed for the wives and daughters of the men who fabricated upwardly America'due south white, middle and upper class ability structure. Men in this position, with stable incomes, came to rank one another according to the quality of their homes and family life, noticeable mostly in urban areas where proper, well-schooled wives became essential status symbols. During the same period, however, many women, married and unmarried, did non have the means to make a home, nor the kind of protection that would let them to be sexually "pure." Costless women forced into "unseemly" piece of work to provide necessities and, of course, enslaved women throughout the S, were consigned to the status of "fallen" and were often discounted every bit immoral, undeserving, fatally flawed.
Certainly many privileged women chafed against the restrictions placed on them past the Cult of Domesticity, while others found inside its boundaries some outlets for action and confidence-building, especially through its emphasis on their duty to educate children and serve others. Women who were becoming successful in writing for the ladies' markets discovered not simply their ain personal voices merely sometimes a platform for views on public bug. While the women's suffrage movement did not gain sufficient traction for many more decades, women who wrote in sanctioned publications or joined acceptable women'south and church societies began to make a divergence — in the abolition movement, in the fight for belongings rights, and in women'southward education.
The iv women whose works are represented in the post-obit lessons benefitted, in some ways ironically, from the domestic ideology that put them into a split sphere from men. Communities of women, exalted in the home, used the superiority granted them in kitchen and cartoon room to telephone call for moral courage from men in the public realm. Equally opportunities for expression increased, even within their express infinite, women developed a language, a kind of domesticated vocabulary of reform, through which they could accomplish and support one another. Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, sisters whose male parent and brothers were influential churchmen and public leaders, taught together in a schoolhouse for girls, and through writing made their way into public debates over slavery and women's place. Sara Payson Willis, who wrote popular newspaper columns as "Fanny Fern," knew the fugitive slave writer Harriet Jacobs well, and Jacobs, who also wrote letters to newspapers and ran an abolitionist reading room, corresponded with Harriet Beecher Stowe. What we call today the power of "networking" was augmented past the Cult of Domesticity, resulting in unforeseen challenges to the organization's restrictions. From inside their separate sphere, these four, as well as many other women writers of antebellum America, became a force to be reckoned with in the nation's largest moral debates.
Text Analysis
Extract i
Close Reading Questions
1. What principles of the Cult of Domesticity does this story illustrate?
The story illustrates the principle of submissiveness as Mary yields to her husband's wishes over her own. The text paints a picture of Mary's domestic space and the importance of that space to Mary, emphasizing her domestic role.
2. What benefits does Mary gain from Mrs. May as opposed to the benefits she receives from Harry's "rule"?
Mrs. May is described equally "intellectual, and fascinating" and and so "smart and satirical." These descriptions imply she encourages Mary to be an contained thinker, opposed to Harry who offers honey, care, and material condolement.
3. Why does Harry disapprove of Mrs. May? Consider the adjectives that both he and Mary use to describe her, in comparison to the style Harry describes his wife. What threat does Mrs. May pose to his family life?
Harry implies that Mrs. May threatens to persuade his married woman and perhaps encourage her to be an independent thinker. Harry states that Mrs. May has the potential to cause "problem between" Mary and him.
iv. Consider Fanny Fern's title for the story. Do you remember she is more concerned with women's need to submit or with demonstrating to men the style that they should treat their wives?
Fern seems to be more inclined to show that women volition submit when men treat them properly. She emphasizes Harry's affection and generosity with his married woman. The determination of the piece states that "there are some husbands worth all the sacrifices."
from Fanny Fern, "How Husbands May Rule," 1853
"Dear Mary," said Harry — to his lilliputian wife, "I accept a favor to inquire of you. You have a friend whom I dislike very much, and who I am quite sure will make trouble between us. Volition yous requite up Mrs. May for my sake, Mary?" A slight shade of vexation crossed Mary's pretty face, every bit she said, "You are unreasonable, Harry. She is lady-like, refined, intellectual, and fascinating, is she non?"
"Yes, all of that; and, for that very reason, her influence over i and so yielding and impulsive as yourself is more to be dreaded, if unfavorable. I'one thousand quite in earnest, Mary. I could wish never to come across you together once again."…
"Well," said the piddling married woman, turning abroad, and patting her foot nervously, "I don't run across how I tin break with her, Harry, for a whim of yours; besides, I've promised to become in that location this very evening."
Harry made no reply, and in a few moments was on his way to his office…. Harry was vexed — she was sure of that; he had gone off, for the showtime time since their marriage, without the affectionate goodbye that was usual with him, even when they parted but for an 60 minutes or 2. And and then she wandered, restless and unhappy, into her little sleeping-room.
Information technology was quite a piffling gem. There were statuettes, and pictures, and vases, all gifts from him either before or since their wedlock; each ane had a history of its own — some tender association connected with Harry…. Plough where she would, some proof of his devotion met her eye. Simply Mrs. May! She was so smart and satirical! She would make so much sport of her, for being "ruled" and then by Harry! Hadn't she told him "all the men were tyrants," and this was Harry'south first attempt to govern her. No, no, information technology wouldn't practice for her to yield.
…Yes, she would go; she had quite made upward her mind to that. Then she opened her jewel-case; a fiddling notation savage at her feet. She knew the contents very well. Information technology was from Harry — slipped slyly into her paw on her birthday, with that pretty bracelet. It couldn't practice any harm to read it once more. It was very lover-like for a year-old married man; but she liked it! Dear Harry! and she folded it back, and sat downward, more than unhappy than ever, with her hands crossed in her lap, and her heed in a near pitiable state of irresolution.
Perhaps, after all, Harry was right about Mrs. May; and if he wasn't, one pilus of his head was worth more to her than all the women in the globe. He never said ane unkind word to her — never! He had anticipated every wish. He had been so attentive and solicitous when she was ill. How could she grieve [sadden] him?
Beloved conquered! The pretty robe was folded away, the jewels returned to their case, and, with a low-cal heart, Mary sat downwards to await her hubby's return.
The lamps were not lit in the drawing-room, when Harry came upwards the street. She had gone, then! — later on all he had said! He passed slowly through the hall, entered the nighttime and deserted room, and threw himself on the sofa with a heavy sigh. He was non angry, only he was grieved and disappointed. The kickoff dubiousness that creeps over the mind, of the affection of ane we love, is so very painful.
"Dear Harry!" said a welcome vocalism at his side.
"God bless you, Mary!" said the happy married man; "you've saved me from a keen sorrow!"
Dear reader — won't you tell? — in that location are some husbands worth all the sacrifices a loving heart tin can make!
Excerpt 2
Close Reading Questions
5. When Beecher speaks of women's "best interests" and their "true position in lodge," what does she mean?
Beecher implies that women's truthful position is a domestic 1 in which they are cared for and protected by men.
vi. According to Beecher, what trade-offs must American women make to obtain their "lofty and fortunate position" in society? In your view, is it a fair substitution?
According to Beecher, women are made inferior in station when it is in their best involvement and in return they receive treatment equally superior beings.
seven. According to Beecher, in what realms exercise women naturally and legitimately exercise power?
Women exercise power in matters relating to the family. Beecher lists the instruction of children, religious and moral matters, and philanthropic endeavors as matters in which women have influence.
eight. On what grounds does Beecher base her religion that American women can attain annihilation they "reasonably" ask, and how does she explain any "remnants" of bad treatment that might remain in the present?
Beecher explains the remnants of bad treatment left in American institutions are simply considering women have not exerted their influence. She claims that because of women'southward preferential condition in society they would exist able to unite and take their requests fulfilled.
from Catherine Beecher, "Peculiar Responsibilities of American Women," in A Treatise on Domestic Economy, 1852
It appears, and then, that it is in America lone that women are raised to an equality with the other sex; and that, both in theory and practise, their interests are regarded as of equal value. They are made subordinate in station [inferior in status] only where a regard [concern] to their best interests demands information technology, while, as if in bounty for this, past custom and courtesy they are ever treated as superiors. Universally in this country, through every class of gild, precedence is given to woman in all the comforts, conveniences, and courtesies of life. In ceremonious and political affairs, American women take no interest or concern, except and then far as they sympathize with their family and personal friends; but, in all cases in which they practice feel a business concern, their opinions and feelings have a consideration equal or even superior to that of the other sex.
In matters pertaining to the education of their children, in the selection and back up of a clergyman, in all benevolent enterprises [activities for the skilful of society], and in all questions relating to morals or manners, they have a superior influence. In such concerns, information technology would exist impossible to carry a point reverse to their judgment and feelings, while an enterprise [undertaking] sustained by them volition seldom neglect of success.
If those who are bewailing themselves over the fancied [imagined] wrongs and injuries of woman in this Nation could but run across things as they are, they would know that, whatever remnants of a fell or aristocratic age may remain in our civil [social-political] institutions in reference to the interests of women, it is merely considering they are ignorant of them or practice not use their influence to have them rectified; for it is very certain that in that location is zippo reasonable which American women would unite in asking that would not readily exist bestowed.
The preceding remarks, then, illustrate the position that the democratic institutions of this Country are in reality no other than the principles of Christianity carried into performance, and that they tend to place woman in her true position in society, equally having equal rights with the other sex, and that, in fact, they have secured to American women a lofty and fortunate position which, as still, has been attained by the women of no other nation.
Excerpt 3
Close Reading Questions
nine. How does the opening paragraph's clarification of Mrs. Bird set up her up equally an exemplar of the values of the Cult of Domesticity?
Mrs. Bird begins past serving her husband tea, which shows she is a "proper" married woman skilled in domestic manners.
ten. How does this passage both back up and contradict the argument Catherine Beecher makes in "Peculiar Responsibilities of American Women"?
Similar Beecher, Stowe describes Mrs. Bird as having a voice in charitable and Christian matters. These were topics that were already considered proper for women.
eleven. In what means does the fugitive slave constabulary the Birds are discussing fall inside of and outside of the domestic sphere?
Mrs. Bird argues that the fugitive slave police force is a religious and philanthropic issue which concerns women. On the other hand, Mr. Bird argues that it is a legal and political issue with which merely men should be concerned.
12. What arguments from inside the domestic sphere does Mrs. Bird marshal to influence bug beyond the domestic sphere?
Mrs. Bird uses the Bible equally prove that she, as a Christian woman, is chosen to serve others and not plough her back on those in demand.
13. What arguments does Mr. Bird align against his married woman? How do they reflect the view of women upon which the Cult of Domesticity is based?
Mr. Bird argues that emotions shouldn't deject judgement in legal matters. This reflects how women were believed to be emotional creatures and less able to have clear judgement in political matters.
from Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom'due south Cabin, 1853, ch.9
[Mrs. Bird serves tea to her husband, a senator in the land legislature.] "Well," said his married woman, afterward the business organization of the tea-table was getting rather slack, "and what have they been doing in the Senate?"
Now, it was a very unusual affair for gentle piffling Mrs. Bird ever to trouble her head with what was going on in the house of the country [senate], very wisely considering that she had enough to do to listen her own. Mr. Bird, therefore, opened his optics in surprise, and said, "Not very much of importance."
"Well, but is it true that they accept been passing a law forbidding people to give meat and drink to those poor colored folks that come along? I heard they were talking of some such law, just I didn't think whatsoever Christian legislature would pass it!"
"Why, Mary, you are getting to be a politico, all at once."
"No, nonsense! I wouldn't give a fig for all your politics, generally, but I call back this is something downright cruel and unchristian. I promise, my dear, no such constabulary has been passed."
"There has been a law passed forbidding people to help off the slaves that come over from Kentucky, my love; so much of that thing has been done by these reckless Abolitionists that our brethren in Kentucky are very strongly excited, and information technology seems necessary, and no more than than Christian and kind, that something should be washed past our country to quiet the excitement."
"And what is the constabulary? It don't forbid u.s. to shelter those poor creatures a dark, does it, and to requite 'em something comfortable to eat, and a few old wearing apparel, and send them quietly about their business?"
"Why, yes, my dear; that would exist aiding and abetting [helping a person commit a crime], you know."
Mrs. Bird was a timid, blushing little woman of about four feet in elevation and with mild blue eyes and a peach-blow complexion, and the gentlest, sweetest voice in the earth — as for courage, a moderate-sized erect-turkey had been known to put her to rout [make her abscond] at the very first gobble, and a stout house-domestic dog of moderate capacity [size] would bring her into subjection [frighten her into inaction] merely past a show of his teeth. Her hubby and children were her entire world, and in these she ruled more by entreaty and persuasion than past command or argument….
On the nowadays occasion, Mrs. Bird rose chop-chop, with very crimson cheeks, which quite improved her general appearance, and walked up to her husband with quite a resolute air [firm mode] and said in a determined tone, "Now, John, I want to know if you remember such a police force as that is right and Christian?"
"You won't shoot me, at present, Mary, if I say I do!"
"I never could have thought it of y'all, John; you didn't vote for it?"
"Even so, my off-white politico."
"You ought to be aback, John! Poor, homeless, houseless creatures! It'due south a shameful, wicked, abominable law, and I'll interruption it, for ane, the first time I get a take a chance; and I hope I shall have a chance, I do! Things have got to a pretty pass [sorry point] if a woman tin can't give a warm supper and a bed to poor starving creatures merely because they are slaves and have been abused and oppressed all their lives, poor things!"
"But, Mary, just mind to me. Your feelings are all quite correct, dear, and interesting, and I love you for them; but, then, beloved, we mustn't suffer [allow] our feelings to run away with our judgment; you lot must consider it's a matter of individual feeling—there are smashing public interests involved—at that place is such a state of public agitation rise that nosotros must put aside our private feelings."
"Now, John, I don't know anything almost politics, but I tin read my Bible; and at that place I see that I must feed the hungry, clothe the naked, and comfort the desolate; and that Bible I hateful to follow."
"But in cases where your doing so would involve a great public evil—"
"Obeying God never brings on public evils. I know it tin't. It's always safest, all round, to do as He bids us."
"At present, listen to me, Mary, and I tin country to y'all a very clear argument to bear witness—"
"O, nonsense, John! yous can talk all night, but you wouldn't do it. I put information technology to you, John — would y'all now plough away a poor, shivering, hungry animate being from your door because he was a runaway? Would you, at present?"
Now, if the truth must exist told, our senator had the misfortune to be a man who had a particularly humane and accessible nature, and turning away anybody that was in problem never had been his forte [force]; and what was worse for him in this particular pinch of the argument was that his wife knew it and, of course was making an assail on rather an indefensible point. So he had recourse to the usual means of gaining time for such cases made and provided; he said "ahem" and coughed several times, took out his pocket-handkerchief, and began to wipe his spectacles. Mrs. Bird, seeing the defenseless condition of the enemy's territory, had no more than conscience than to push her advantage.
"I should like to come across you doing that, John — I really should! Turning a woman out of doors in a snowstorm, for instance; or maybe you lot'd accept her up and put her in jail, wouldn't yous? You lot would make a great hand at that!"
Extract 4
Close Reading Questions
14. How does the plight of Harriet Jacobs illustrate the role that class played in the Cult of Domesticity?
The ideals set by the Cult of Domesticity were unobtainable by the less-fortunate classes. Jacobs illustrates that as slave she lacked opportunities for piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. The ideals were created for the privileged.
15. What principles of the Cult of Domesticity does Jacobs admit in this passage?
Jacobs focuses on purity past describing her relationship but likewise alludes to submissiveness by explaining her efforts to avert submission to her master.
16. How does this passage illustrate the role men played in the Cult of Domesticity?
Jacobs illustrates how men were able to manipulate women. Women were dependent on men to protect them and let them the opportunity for purity and domestic service — this gave men the power to control and manipulate women.
17. How might Jacobs's audience view her decision to go the mistress of an unmarried man? How does she try to shape their judgment of her?
Jacobs'south audition was likely to be unsympathetic. She begs her audition to forgive her and she admits her guilt as ways to convince her audition that she has no other choice.
18. Through changes of tone, how does Jacobs try to both appeal to and challenge her audition's preference for women to exist submissive?
Jacobs appeals to the sympathy of her audience by describing her situation and her desire to obtain the virtues and purity of her audience. She then justifies her position by explaining the role of a slave girl every bit limiting to those virtues, only returns to a sympathetic tone by appealing to her readers as a adult female who regrets her actions, even though she can justify them.
from Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, 1860
When my primary said he was going to build a house for me and that he could practice it with piddling trouble and expense, I was in hopes something would happen to frustrate his scheme, merely I soon heard that the business firm was really begun. I vowed before my Maker that I would never enter it. I had rather toil on the plantation from dawn till dark; I had rather live and die in jail than drag on from day to day through such a living death. I was determined that the master, whom I so hated and loathed, who had blighted the prospects of my youth, and fabricated my life a desert, should non, after my long struggle with him, succeed at last in trampling his victim under his feet. I would practice anything, everything, for the sake of defeating him. What could I practise?…
And now, reader, I come up to a period in my unhappy life which I would gladly forget if I could. The remembrance fills me with sorrow and shame. Information technology pains me to tell yous of information technology, but I accept promised to tell y'all the truth, and I will exercise it honestly, let it cost me what it may…. I know what I did, and I did information technology with deliberate calculation.
But, O, ye happy women, whose purity has been sheltered from childhood, who have been free to choose the objects of your affection, whose homes are protected by law, do non estimate the poor desolate slave girl also severely! If slavery had been abolished, I, as well, could accept married the man of my option; I could have had a abode shielded by the laws; and I should have been spared the painful task of confessing what I am now about to relate; but all my prospects had been blighted by slavery. I wanted to keep myself pure, and nether the most agin circumstances I tried difficult to preserve my self-respect, just I was struggling alone in the powerful grasp of the demon Slavery, and the monster proved besides strong for me. I felt equally if I was forsaken [abandoned] by God and man, as if all my efforts must be frustrated, and I became reckless in my despair.
…[I]t chanced that a white single gentleman… expressed a great deal of sympathy and a wish to assist me. He constantly sought opportunities to see me and wrote to me frequently. I was a poor slave daughter, merely fifteen years sometime…. He was an educated and eloquent gentleman; too eloquent, alas, for the poor slave daughter who trusted in him. Of class I saw whither all this was tending [where all this was leading]. I knew the impassable gulf between usa; merely to exist an object of interest to a man who is not married, and who is not her master, is amusing to the pride and feelings of a slave, if her miserable state of affairs has left her any pride or sentiment. It seems less degrading to give one's self, than to submit to compulsion. At that place is something akin [like] to liberty in having a lover who has no command over you, except that which he gains past kindness and attachment….
When I found that my primary had actually begun to build the lonely cottage, other feelings mixed with those I have described. Revenge, and calculations of involvement [evaluation of an action's benefits] were added to flattered vanity and sincere gratitude for kindness. I knew nil would enrage Dr. Flint so much as to know that I favored some other; and it was something to triumph over my tyrant even in that small style…. I made a headlong plunge. Compassion me, and pardon me, O virtuous reader! You never knew what information technology is to be a slave; to exist entirely unprotected by law or custom; to have the laws reduce you lot to the condition of a chattel [slave/another's property], entirely subject to the will of another. You never exhausted your ingenuity in avoiding the snares [traps] and eluding the ability of a hated tyrant; y'all never shuddered at the sound of his footsteps, and trembled within hearing of his voice. I know I did wrong. No one can feel it more than sensibly than I do. The painful and humiliating retention will haunt me to my dying day. Still, in looking dorsum, calmly, on the events of my life, I feel that the slave woman ought not to be judged past the same standard as others.
Follow-Upward Assignment
In the four passages in this lesson, at to the lowest degree two of the 4 principles of the Cult of Domesticity — piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity — are illustrated, either positively or negatively. Using the graphic organizer chart, describe if and how each principle is presented in the passages, and annotation whether it is presented as a positive or negative gene. Utilize the chart to compare and contrast the authors' viewpoints of these principles.
Vocabulary Popular-ups
- vexation : irritation, annoyance
- irresolution : indecision
- solicitous : attentive, caring
- precedence : being considered more of import, or college in priority or rank, than something or someone else
- rectified : put correct, remedied, corrected
- bestowed : given, granted, awarded
- entreaty : appeal, earnest asking
- abominable : horrible, dreadful, morally repulsive
- agitation : unrest, uproar
- desolate : those who are comfortless and forlorn [in this context]
- fated : infected, impaired, badly damaged
- adverse : harmful, confronting i's interests
- eloquent : well-spoken, vividly expressive
- degrading : beingness treated poorly and without respect
- compulsion : force, intimidation
- ingenuity : inventiveness, inventiveness, imagination
Texts (some spelling and punctuation modernized in these excerpts for clarity)
- Fanny Fern [Sara Payson Willis], "How Husbands May Dominion," in Fern Leaves from Fanny'due south Port-Folio (collected newspaper columns), 1853. Full text from Voices from 19th-Century America, Cyberspace Archive, and Google Books.
- Catherine Beecher, "Peculiar Responsibilities of American Women," in A Treatise on Domestic Economy: For the Use of Immature Ladies at Domicile and at School, 1842. Full text from Project Gutenberg and Google Books.
- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Motel, novel, 1852. Full text from Project Gutenberg and the University of Virginia.
- Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, narrative/memoir, 1860. Full text from Documenting the American South (UNC-Chapel Hill), Academy of Virginia, and Project Gutenberg.
Prototype
- "The Sphere of Woman," engraving, illustration in Godey'due south Lady'south Volume, March 1850, Digital paradigm courtesy of Dr. John F. McClymer, Professor of History, Supposition Higher, Worcester, Massachusetts.
Gender Roles in the 19th Century Close Reading Questions Worksheet Answers
Source: https://americainclass.org/the-cult-of-domesticity/
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